Eric E. Johnson and David F. Peach

Abstract: Simulation has been extensively employed to evaluate concepts included in the current generation of standards for automated high–frequency (HF) radio systems. As development proceeds from link–layer technology to network– and higher–layer technology, it is no longer necessary to devote great amounts of computer time to detailed simulation of the physical medium. Instead, the error behavior of the medium should be abstracted so that simulation resources can be concentrated on the phenomena of interest at these higher protocol layers. In this report, a model of channel error behavior is derived that accurately captures the operation of the Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) modem operating over Gaussian noise and skywave channels. When this model is employed in place of a detailed simulation of the modem and channel, an overall simulation speedup of nearly two orders of magnitude results.

Keywords: simulation; HF; high-frequency radio; performance analysis; automatic link establishment (ALE)

Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment, components, and software may be identified in this report to specify adequately the technical aspects of the reported results. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, nor does it imply that the equipment or software identified is necessarily the best available for the particular application or uses.

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