Philip L. Rice, Anita G. Longley, Kenneth A. Norton, and Albrecht P. Barsis

Abstract: This report presents comprehensive methods of calculation which have been found useful either for explaining or for predicting cumulative distributions of transmission loss for a wide range of radio frequencies over almost any type of terrain and in several climatic regions. Such quantitative estimates of propagation characteristics help to determine how well proposed radio systems will meet requirements for satisfactory service, free from harmful interference. Thus they should provide an important step toward more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum. The detailed point-to-point methods described here depend on propagation path geometry, atmospheric refractivity near the surface of the earth, and specified characteristics of antenna directivity. They have been tested against measurements in the radio frequency range 40 to 10,000 MHz. This report consists of two volumes; the main body is Volume I and all Annexes are presented in Volume II.

Keywords: multipath; interference; propagation prediction; diffraction; transmission loss; forward scatter; path antenna gain; path antenna power gain; phase interference fading; power fading; system loss; troposphere

Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment, components, and software may be identified in this report to specify adequately the technical aspects of the reported results. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, nor does it imply that the equipment or software identified is necessarily the best available for the particular application or uses.

For questions or information on this or any other NTIA scientific publication, contact the ITS Publications Office at ITSinfo@ntia.gov or 303-497-3572.

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