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This report describes the mathematical models used in the ARROWS programs. These programs, which run on a desktop computer, automate the calculations involved in the design of line–of–sight microwave radio relay links. The programs calculate, tabulat...

This is a final report that describes a project to analyze and evaluate multipath static and dynamic statistics of data recorded in severe ducting and refraction environments. The results shown here were derived by numerical analysis from experiment...

The Technical Spectrum Efficiency Factor (TSEF) concept was developed in the Technical Subcommittee (TSC) of the Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC) and was applied, by NTIA, to government fixed telecommunications systems in the 7–8 GHz b...

An automated analysis model is presented for the prediction of system performance of communications circuits that use the ground wave as the primary mode of propagation. The computer program Ground Wave for Voice of America (GWVOA) is a user–friendly...

This report describes a set of receiver transfer characteristic (RTC) algorithms developed at NTIA for the analytical assessment of mutual interference effects in satellite communication services. The RTC algorithms convert the input carrier-to-inter...

The analysis technique developed and discussed in two earlier NTIA reports (Farrar, 1984; Farrar, 1983) was used in conjunction with the data obtained from a number of different countries to calculate the power flux-density (pfd) levels in the 2 GHz...

The distribution of raindrop sizes in a given volume of air remains an unknown aspect of critical importance to the prediction of rain attenuation at millimeter–wave frequencies. Thus, in this report, the search continues for a methodology of predict...

Fritchman's single–error–state (SES) model for describing the error statistics of digital communication channels is modified to allow the prediction of error statistics as a function of the bit error rate (BER). From the data samples of a measurement...

Measured analog data showing gain as a function of angle away from the mainbeam (maximum gain) axis have been obtained for 14 models of reflector antennas designed for operation at 11/12 GHz for reception and at 14 GHz for transmission. The antennas ...

For efficient use of the geostationary satellite orbit, mutual interference among satellite systems must be analyzed in the planning stage of the systems. To conserve the transmitter power, many satellite antennas in the FSS (fixed–satellite service)...

This report is tutorial in presentation, with emphasis on the application of engineering formulations of the effects of terrain upon terrestrial microwave systems. Many of these formulas have been available for a decade and longer, but they have not ...

The Technical Subcommittee (TSC) of the lnterdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC) was tasked to provide NTIA quantitative definitions of terms relating to spectrum efficiency so that NTIA could develop a computer program which uses these TSC d...

Comparisons of Fritchman's single-error-state model with the two-state Markov model are presented in graphical form for a number of statistical functions, e.g., the error gap distribution (EGD), the block error probability (BLER), and the probability...

New models of electromagnetic interference (EMI) have been developed by Middleton [1-11 ,48,49] over the last decade (1974–1983), which have provided canonical, analytically tractable, and experimentally well established quantitative descriptions of ...

An EHF Telecommunication System Engineering Model (ETSEM) has been developed as an aid in the design of line-of-sight (LOS) communication systems from 10 to 100 GHz. ETSEM provides tabulation of path geometry parameters and analyzes ray-path and Fres...

This handbook contains instructions for operating the Refractivity Index Profile program. The RIP program is designed to calculate, tabulate, and plot the atmospheric refractivity index profiles for a given set of atmospheric data taken at a particu...

An experimental millimeter-wave propagation link was installed on a 1-km path in the northern California area (Gasquet) to compare rain rate and attenuation at 28.8, 57.6, and 96.1 GHz. During the monitoring period (January 26 through April 14), rain...

There has been a significant internationa1 effort to develop standards for Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDNs) at the same time that events leading to the divestiture of the American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) Company were occurring in t...

The millimeter-wave behavior of rain attenuation based on recent experimental data, Jan. 1986